The mosque is one of the oldest examples of Seljuk architecture and was built on Alaeddin Hill. Its construction started during the reign of Seljuk Sultan Rukn al-Dīn Mesud I (1116-1156) and was completed during the reign of Alā ad-Dīn Kayqubād I (1221). In the courtyard of the mosque, there are the tombs of Mesud I, Kilij Arslan and Suleiman II, Kaykhusraw I, Kayqubad I, Kaykhusraw II, Kilij Arslan IV and Kaykhusraw III.